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Move slider to take apart the iPhone and see its parts. Credit: Alastair Halliday
The Apple iPhone, the latest mobile craze, is revolutionary in both
design and technology. Whatever components can be found under its hood may
be considered jewels in every sense of the word. Suppliers of the
Apple iPhone parts are renowned manufacturers of semiconductor chips and
materials and are sure to have provided the latest and the best chips
available.
The first for the iPhone is its excellent use of multi-touch screening
that provides users with a new ergonomic feel in using a mobile phone.
This feature is the latest craze in the computing industry. Note that
there are even rumors that the next Operating System after Windows Vista
will also make available a multi-touch screen feature for use by
computer users. The Apple iPhone has two main circuit boards that make it
capable of being a communications as well as a multimedia device. Apple
strives to maintain its good image from its popular line of iPods and
attempts to integrate their top-of-the-line design as well on the iPhone.
What we can expect though, is that there are parts in the iPhone that
matches parts in the Apple line of iPods.
The Processing Power
The other circuit board of the iPhone houses the Central Processing
Unit or CPU of the iPhone as well as the memory chips that controls its
storage capacity. The Apple iPhone uses Apple’s OS X operating system but
a rather customized version for mobile.
Samsung Electronics Company is the one responsible for the
microprocessor, a mobile DDR SDRAM microprocessor of the iPhone. The CPU is based
upon an embedded core from ARM, the same company renowned for embedding
dedicated systems in cars, smart cards, handheld games and in other
applications where power is necessary.
Mobile Communication Features
A dedicated circuit board controls the communication features enabling
users to engage in services riding on GSM or Global System for Mobile,
the conventional telecommunications of voice and data services, and
EDGE or Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution, which basically connects
the subscriber to the Internet and making Internet-based services such as
MMS or Multimedia Messaging Service within easy reach of the phone
users. Infineon technologies, a Germany-based chipmaker is the one
responsible for the chips for mobile communications.
The iPhone currently provides no means for 3G mobile access. The 3G
communications is the latest mobile standard that commits higher data
rates enabling users to make video calls and video conferencing. This is a
potential risk for the successful marketing worldwide of the iPhone,
for instance, 3G network is already in use in most parts of Europe.
Networking Features
Marvell Technology Group Ltd, on the other hand, a Santa-Clara-based
chipmaker, is the one responsible for the 802.11 b/g chips that will let
iPhone users connect to the Internet via Wireless Fidelity or Wifi, one
o the wireless technologies to access the Internet. The 802.11 b and
802.11 g are standards that regulate the area coverage as well as
bandwidth capacity for Wifi.
A chip from Cambridge Silicon Radio Ltd, an England-based semiconductor
company, also provides Bluetooth 2.0 access to the iPhone. The latest
Bluetooth standard release is Bluetooth 2.1 while Bluetooth 3.0 that
enables faster data rates to iPhone, which means that if not improved,
the iPhone will soon be left behind in the Bluetooth technology.
Camera Features
The Apple iPhone also features a 2-megapixel camera as well as a photo
management application. Users will be able to synchronize their photo
library from the Mac or personal computer.
Largan Precision provided the camera lens for the iPhone while Altus
Technologies provided the camera module assembly. On the other hand,
Micron Technology, provided the CMOS Imager for the iPhone.
Storage Memory Capacity Features
Meanwhile, there are two flash memory chips that are manufactured for
iPhone, the NOR and NAND flash memory chips. These two are the major
flash semiconductor memories used in portable devices. The two are very
hard to distinguish from one another.
The NOR memory is the best in reading speed while the NAND memory is
known for its writing speed. Intel and Samsung Electronics Co., are both
responsible for the NOR and NAND flash memory chips, respectively. The
NOR wireless flash from Intel has 32 MB of NOR that is partnered with
16 MB of SRAM, which are used for the execution of code.
Power and Battery Management Features
The reason behind the non-inclusion of the 3G communications in the
iPhone is battery life. Apple claimed that introducing 3G early on have a
negative effect to the battery life by introducing additional heat.
This is a problem even though a power amplifier chip from Skyworks
Solutions, a Woburn, Massachusetts chip maker, can provide enhanced power to
the iPhone while a power management chip manufactured by Texas
Instruments can be used to balance power consumption of the iPhone.
Based from reviews, a standard Lithium-Ion battery for the iPhone
provides an estimated 5 hours of talk-time. On the other hand, based from
the executives of Apple, the battery can retain 80 % of its charging
capacity that will provide users about 6 hours of talk-time. This 6 hours
is advertised even after completing 400 depletion-and-recharge cycles.
Tracking User Movement For Ease of Display
The Apple iPhone uses an accelerometer, similar to the one used in the
Wii game console of Nintendo. Accelerometers are used to be able to
keep track of the movement of the user. Integrated sensors in the iPhone
will know if the phone is used horizontally or vertically, which then
tells the operating system to accordingly rotate the display. STMicro
supplies the accelerometer chip.
The Magic of the Touch Screen Display
The iPhone screen is made with an optical-quality glass unlike the
iPods that are made with scratch-prone plastic surface. Using a touch
screen display, the iPhone discards the use of Graphical User Interface
or GUI functions such as menu, pointer and the icon systems. There is
actually no need for a physical keyboard or buttons because a virtual
keyboard can be accessed through the screen. The use of two-fingered
actions to perform paired actions such as zoom in or out makes the iPhone
very user-friendly.
Balda, a German-based company, made the design for the touch-screen
display while Broadcom Corporation, an Irvine-based company, provided the
controller chip used to manage the touch-screen display. National
Semiconductor, on the other hand, designed the mobile pixel link LCD
interface, a device that serves as an interconnection from the circuit board
to the glass screen.
Comparison to the Apple iPod
There are a number of technical designs that are similar with their
iPod devices. This made the design of the iPhone easier because of the
familiarity with the interaction of the components. For instance, the 8
Gigabyte capacity of the NAND flash memory is comparable to the memory
capacity of the iPod nano. Users can store any kind of data such as
pictures, images, videos and songs.
Also, the audio codec chip from Wolfson Microelectronics, which is the
same chip used in the Apple iPod, is also present in the iPhone. This
provides assurance to the iPod fanatic users of the same sound quality
tradition in the iPhone.
Even some of the battery-related functions of the iPhone can be
compared to the iPod. Linear Technology Corporation, a Milpitas-based
chipmaker supplies the same battery charger chip for the iPhone.
Apple’s iPhone is revolutionary but deep down inside, it uses the same
electronic components and batteries that powers an ordinary smart
phone. What makes it revolutionary in its own way is the design and
integration of various components from different technical suppliers to come-up
with a phone that not only promises state-of-the-art designs, but
functionalities as well.
There are thousands of ways that technology has been changing in today’s era over the past decade. Many of those ways have been subtle, like with DVD players turning into Blu-ray players, but some other pieces of technology seem to be changing all at once. However, the fact can’t be disputed that there are many positive ways that technology is changing things for the better. Here are some major changes that the world is seeing our everyday devices turned into supercomputers with great possibilities:
1. Mobile Augmented Reality
If you have ever been stranded in a strange city with no where to go and no idea of any place to go then you will definitely apprecitate the Mobile Augmented Reality Applications that Nokia has introduced to the market with its concept mobile phone. In fact, Nokia has produced a small type of computer technology inside their mobile phone that would allow the phone’s digital camera to be pointed at something in order to obtain information about it. For example, let’s say that you were in a city that you’re not familiar with, so you have no idea where anything is or any of the good places to visit are. Nokia’s Mobile Augmented Reality Application would allow you to point the camera at a building or object and the phone would automatically download and give to you the name of that building, the exact location, as well as information about what’s inside. This is an awesome piece of techonology for travellers that will certainly be improved an added to the cell phone industry in coming years.
2. Compressive Sensing
Have you ever taken a picture with a digital camera that you just weren’t satisfied with? This is the premise that Richard Baraniuk and Kevin Kelly are creating their technology off of. They contend that today’s digital cameras are taking digital photographs the same way that film cameras take pictures: through a system of image sensors that create a picture from the surrounding light in order to compress it into a digital picture. Fortunately, they have also brought to light the comprehensive sensing technology in a digital camera that allows the camera to take high-resolution photographs while it takes the information that it has to make a picture. This technology is actually similar to the Sudoku puzzles where just enough information is needed to construct the whole puzzle correctly. Nevertheless, comprehensive sensing will use less power, enable the camera to take more high-resolution photographs, and increase the capabilities of mobile phones!
Both of these pieces of technologies show just how much the consumer industry is changing. While many people are still getting used to the fact that WiFi now rules the digital age, here comes more pieces of technology that shape the whole industry. But researchers and scientists are certainly working hard at producing efficient tools in order to make consumers’ lives easier and happier!
Changing and emerging technology has always been a big part of our world. While some people feel that scientists are spending their time for nothing, others feel the exact opposite and are cheering them on in the big race for the betterment of the world. Indeed, some of the emerging technologies that are previewed throughout the market today will have a greater impact on the health of the population, as well as on other aspects of societies throughout the world. But in order to see what emerging technologies will actually come into production we must first take a look at all the available technological advances that have been made.
3. Optical Antennas
Researchers at Harvard University have now found a new technology that will allow consumers’ DVD players to hold more than 700 movies and videos. Kenneth Crozier and Federico Capasso are two leading electrical engineers at Harvard University that have created these optical antennas that diffuse the diffraction limit of normal physics theories in order to create a highly capable technology that will allow for greater storage capacities of DVDs, higher-resolution images to be taken, as well as a whole other host of benefits. The way this technology works is that small optical antennas are added to a laser in order to create an intense electrical field that makes it possible for the device using the technology to be improved. But even though more research and work needs to be done with this new technology, they have already begun speaking to 2 major device-storage companies, Hitachi and Seagate, about the possibilities.
4. Nanoscale Peptides
This is a technology that has been discovered that many people will realize its value once it has actually been firmly established as a life-saving tool. Researcher and scientist Rutledge Ellis-Behnke found a way to stop bleeding almost instantaneously. No, this technology is not part of the tools that Superman uses, but could easily be described as a similar one. He and his fellow researchers have actually made it possible for a rat in their laboratory to stop bleeding from a wound by pouring a gel-like substance on it. This substance is known as a Nanoscale protein fragment and essentially uses tiny proteins that act as a mesh cover over a wound. This technology, or gel, has great implications for future use during wartimes, accidents, and even surgeries, and could eventually help save lives instantaneously!
5. Neuron Control Technology
Karl Deisseroth at Stanfield Medical center has greatly improved the way that Depression is treated among his patients. Rather, he has created a way so that his depressed patients will have hope to get out of the situation that they’re in. He has actually developed a system of on and off switches that will enable the brain to manipulate certain areas that are affected by Depression and other mental health disorder. Deisseroth, along with his other colleagues, have found that neurons can artificially produce a protein that acts as an “on switch” that is sensitive to light. By using flashes of light to activate the protein then the certain areas of the brain that need to be stimulated are stimulated. This method of working with neural correlates in the brain could have dramatic positive affects for research into how the brain works and how certain disorders are treated, such as Depression and Parkinson’s Disease. But until then, Karl Deisseroth will continue to improve his system to make it an even more viable form of treatment!
All of these pieces of changing and emerging technologies have great implications for not only the future, but also for future research that needs to be done within their respective industries. But the health of the larger population, as well as other parts of their lives, will greatly and positively be affected by the changing technology throughout the world!
Data storage is an important agenda of an enterprise. In fact, you can observe that every corporation scandal for the last few years would not have happened if data were being properly stored. As the world and the Internet become highly dependent on information, more and more technologies are being developed to organize and manage the overwhelming bulk of data needing storage.
Previously, we use file servers not only to store data but to do other tasks as well, such as computing or to managing company database. As computing tasks became more sophisticated, however, the computing industry thought it would be best to separate the functions for data storage from computing tasks. Not only did it streamline the running of computing tasks, it also made it easier for an enterprise to manage the data.
Enterprise can plan on investing on server appliances, which has pre-configured software and hardware systems and are solely used for data storage. Of course, these appliances have the standard functions of a normal server such as e-mail, File Transfer Protocol, file and print and web. An example of a server appliance is the Network Attached Storage or NAS. Not only is the NAS easy to handle but it also has easy-to-use interfaces that even a user without knowledge of computers can understand. This set-up is useful for enterprises with remote offices. The remote offices can request information from the NAS remotely and conveniently. Examples of NAS device manufacturers are Celerra and Exanet.
There is also the Storage Area Network or SAN. A block-based architecture that includes segregation of different data storage devices such as disk drives in disk arrays, tape drives in tape libraries, optical drives and other servers. This architecture is best for a small enterprise wherein data storage devices are locally attached to the network.
A promising development for a data storage plan is the NAS head. A NAS head offers the integration of both the NAS devices and the SAN architecture. It acts as a translator between the NAS and SAN protocols. An example of the NAS head concept is the ONStor Bobcat.
Manufacturers of data storage devices are also launching new lines of data storage devices that introduce the Open Storage concept. The concept is basically the standardization of acquiring data regardless of access or architecture.
This means that the end-user, for instance, the employee is unaware that data is being provided to him from a host of different brands of NAS devices and through different protocols of the SAN architecture. This seamless scalability is an advantage to the enterprise because being a consumer, it will have the option to choose the most storage-effective and yet cost-conserving strategy for a data back-up plan.
